Using Drones And Other Surveillance Technology To Fight Elephant, Rhino Poachers
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Using Drones And Other Surveillance Technology
To Fight Elephant, Rhino Poachers
To Fight Elephant, Rhino Poachers
Rhinos Without Boarders
Thousands of elephants are dying each year and we are just hitting a tipping point with the rhinos.
Monitoring poachers with drones will give park rangers a fighting chance against heavily armed, high-tech, poachers.
The poachers are carrying machine guns and they’ve got night vision goggles.
Even at night, thermal imaging drones can track wildlife. With an eye in the sky, drones are able to do things humans could never do.
It is important that the message goes out that drones can be used for a positive good. These aren’t weapons of destruction, these are weapons in this case are going to help save species from extinction and also keep rangers alive on the ground.
Poaching has risen in recent years across sub-Saharan Africa where well-armed criminal gangs have killed elephants for tusks and rhinos for horns that are often shipped to Asia for use in ornaments and medicines.
"We will start piloting the use of drones in the Tsavo National Park eco system, one of the largest national parks in the world," said Patrick Omondi, deputy director for wildlife conservation at the Kenya Wildlife Service.
Omondi said the surveillance aircraft would be imported, but did not give details of how many or at what cost.
Tsavo National Park in the southeast is Kenya's largest, with sweeping plains and occasional water holes dotted with wildlife, including elephants.
"We attribute the problem of poaching in Kenya and other African states to growing demand and high prices offered for rhino horn and elephant ivory in the Far East countries," William Kiprono, Kenya Wildlife Service's acting Director General told a news conference in Nairobi.
Kiprono said Kenya had lost 18 rhinos and 51 elephants to poachers so far this year. Last year, 59 rhinos and 302 elephants were killed, compared with 30 rhinos and 384 elephants in 2012.
Kenyan officers seized 13.5 tonnes of ivory at the port city of Mombasa last year, mostly originating from other countries in the region. At least 249 suspects have so far been arrested this year and prosecuted for various wildlife offences.
In January, a Kenyan court convicted a Chinese man of smuggling ivory and ordered him to pay a 20-million-shillings ($233,000) fine or serve seven years in jail in the first sentence handed out since Kenya introduced a new anti-poaching law.
Conservationists hope the new law, which allows for longer jail terms and bigger fines, will deter criminal networks.
Kenya has emerged as a major transit route for ivory destined for Asian markets from eastern and central Africa.
The government says poaching is harming tourism, a major foreign exchange earner.
A Colorado man is teaching African park rangers to fly drones to combat poachers. Chris Miser, the owner of Falcon Unmanned, has teamed up with the World Wildlife Fund in an effort to protect elephants and rhinoceros.
“Thousands of elephants are dying each year” said Miser, “and we are just hitting a tipping point with the rhinos.”
Miser’s line of drones, which he calls “Falcons,” are tethered to a bungee cord and tossed into the air like a sling shot. The “pilot” can control the plane from a remote location with a video game controller and a laptop computer. The drones are only “armed” with high-definition cameras and heat sensing technology, so the operator can track animal herds or poachers poised to attack.
Monitoring poachers with drones will give park rangers a fighting chance against heavily armed, high-tech, poachers.
Monitoring poachers with drones will give park rangers a fighting chance against heavily armed, high-tech, poachers.
“They are carrying machine guns, they’ve got night vision goggles.”
Miser said there are even some reports of poachers using helicopters to track animals and drop them into parks. The park rangers often don’t have access to manned aircraft. The drones provide an “eye in the sky” at a relatively low cost.
In Colorado in 2013, U.S. Wildlife officials crushed a collection of “Blood Ivory” from more than 2,000 poached African elephants. The ivory was seized over the past 25 years and held at a repository in the Denver area.
“By destroying this ivory the entire world will see that the American government is interested in stomping out the illegal ivory trade”, said Amy Hoffner, who worked for the U.S. Embassy in Kenya, as the ivory was being crushed.
World Wildlife Fund director Crawford Allan is hopeful the drones will make a difference.
World Wildlife Fund director Crawford Allan is hopeful the drones will make a difference.
“The poachers out there know there is something in the sky looking for them,” Allan said.
Despite the positive uses for drones there is still a lot of fear surrounding the technology. In recent weeks, both Kenya and South Africa have banned drones for civil uses.
Despite the positive uses for drones there is still a lot of fear surrounding the technology. In recent weeks, both Kenya and South Africa have banned drones for civil uses.
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“It is important that the message goes out that these can be used for a positive good,” said Allan. “These aren’t weapons of destruction, these are weapons in this case are going to help save species from extinction and also keep rangers alive on the ground.”
Illegal Poaching Could Drive African Elephants To Extinction
During that period, researchers calculate that poachers were killing elephants much faster than new elephants were being born, and the overall population was likely declining between 2 percent to 3 percent per year. If that pace were to continue, African elephants will eventually go extinct — and early estimates suggest the pace of poaching has stayed unsustainable through 2013.
Up until now, numbers on elephant poaching were fairly speculative. This new paper, led by George Wittemyer of Colorado State University, is the most detailed picture yet. The researchers combined intensive study of wild populations in the Samburu region of Kenya with carcass data collected across the continent to make more precise estimates.
The illegal poaching of elephants for their ivory tusks has soared dramatically in recent years, with some 100,000 African elephants killed between 2010 and 2012, according to new estimates published in the Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences.
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Africa's Elephants Are In More Trouble Than We Thought
Among other things, the paper confirms that there was a massive surge in African elephant kills starting in 2008 or so.
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Why the jump? Rising demand from China likely plays a major role. A kilogram of ivory can now fetch as much as $7,000 in China, where it's used for ornaments or ground up for use in traditional medicine.
The researchers found that the 2009 surge in illegal killings directly correlated with a jump in black-market ivory prices as well as a surge in seized trafficked ivory shipments destined for China. That also happened to be the first year that China's legal internal ivory markets began booming.
What's more, elephant deaths in Africa seem to correlate with key variables for Chinese household consumption. "[This] suggests reduction of demand for illegal ivory in China should be a priority," the researchers conclude.
The researchers found that the 2009 surge in illegal killings directly correlated with a jump in black-market ivory prices as well as a surge in seized trafficked ivory shipments destined for China. That also happened to be the first year that China's legal internal ivory markets began booming.
What's more, elephant deaths in Africa seem to correlate with key variables for Chinese household consumption. "[This] suggests reduction of demand for illegal ivory in China should be a priority," the researchers conclude.
The researchers note that conservation efforts and enforcement are also critical to protecting Africa's elephants. And as the map above shows, that varies from country to country.
Namibia, for instance, has invested a fair amount in elephant conservation and protection programs (aided by a tourism boom) — and wild populations are growing there. By contrast, elephant populations are declining sharply in places like the Democratic Republic of Congo.
"It is obvious that stemming the rate of illegal killing is paramount," the researchers conclude. "Heavy in situ conservation efforts have been shown to stem illegal harvesting and, therefore, need to be enhanced in the face of the current [poaching] rates. … [C]urbing demand — particularly in the Far East — appears necessary to reduce black market ivory prices and alleviate the unsustainable pressure from illegal killing on wild populations."
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Drones Join Fight To Protect African Wildlife
Unmanned aircraft are getting more affordable. Companies are pushing the boundaries of drone technology -- and now, that includes protecting nature.
In Morrison, Colo., near Denver, a group is finding new use for its drones, 9,000 miles away.
In the U.S., the Federal Aviation Administration is still working on regulations and standards for drones, but overseas in Africa, unmanned aircraft are already being used over game parks, reports CBS News correspondent Jeff Pegues.
Even at night, thermal imaging drones can track wildlife. With an eye in the sky, drones are able to do things humans could never do.
In places like Namibia, drones -- unmanned aerial vehicles, or UAVs -- have been purchased to monitor game parks and to track poachers.
Crawford Allen, director of The World Wildlife Fund North America, said, "The poachers out there know that there is something in the sky that is looking for them. ... We think (drone technology) is going to be an important tool that will help produce far more effectiveness in protecting these precious species."
The World Wildlife Fund is working with the government of Namibia by providing technical help as the country's park rangers learn how to fly the drones.
A $20,000 eye-in-the-sky can track elephants and rhinos.
By traveling above the herds, the UAV doesn't disturb the habitat, except in rare cases, such as when a Marshall eagle thought it was prey.
The drone actually was a falcon -- at least that's what Chris Miser called it when the former Air Force engineer came up with the design. His company took flight three years ago.
"This is another technology that's going to change the way we do business in the world -- just like the Internet or cell phones or anything along those lines if it allows people to save money, save lives and create jobs then it's definitely going to have its place."
It's finding a home in parts of the world where high-resolution cameras on drones can cover a lot of ground by capturing hundreds of images.
In addition to the ability to see at night, the drones, Miser said, are "able to be incredibly quiet so you can't detect them."
In the U.S., the technology has led to a boom that is creating legal challenges to the FAA's limits on commercial use. It may be another year-and-a-half before regulations and standards are in place.
With their focus now on Africa, the World Wildlife Fund is counting on the technology to be a model of future conservation efforts in the U.S. as well.
The idea of using drones for conservation efforts is being endorsed by Google, Pegues added on "CTM." The company has given the World Wildlife Fund a $5 million grant over three years for their work with drones in Namibia.
Monty Henry, Owner
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Camera Specs:
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* Image Sensor: 1/4" Micron Sensor
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